教師著作

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Prior knowledge

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    Exploring the impact of prior knowledge and appropriate feedback on students' perceived cognitive load and learning outcomes: Animation based earthquakes instruction
    (Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2012-01-01) Yeh, T. K.; Tseng K. Y.; Cho, C. W.; Barufaldi, J. P.; Lin, M. H.; Chang, C. Y.
    The aim of this study was to develop an animation-based curriculum and to evaluate the effectiveness of animation-based instruction; the report involved the assessment of prior knowledge and the appropriate feedback approach, for the purpose of reducing perceived cognitive load and improving learning. The curriculum was comprised of five subunits designed to teach the ‘Principles of Earthquakes.’ Each subunit consisted of three modules: evaluation of prior knowledge with/without in-time feedback; animation-based instruction; and evaluation of learning outcomes with feedback. The 153 participants consisted of 10th grade high-school students. Seventy-eight students participated in the animation-based instruction, involving assessment of prior knowledge and appropriate feedback mechanism (APA group). A total of 75 students participated in animation-based learning that did not take into account their prior knowledge (ANPA group). The effectiveness of the instruction was then evaluated by using a Science Conception Test (SCT), a self-rating cognitive load questionnaire (CLQ), as well as a structured interview. The results indicated that: (1) Students' perceived cognitive load was reduced effectively through improving their prior knowledge by providing appropriate feedback. (2) When students perceived lower levels of cognitive load, they showed better learning outcome. The result of this study revealed that students of the APA group showed better performance than those of the ANPA group in an open-ended question. Furthermore, students' perceived cognitive load was negatively associated with their learning outcomes.
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    高一學生地球科學問題解決能力與其先備知識及推理能力關係的初探研究
    (花蓮市：中華民國科學教育學會, 2002-06-01) 吳佳玲; 張俊彥
    本研究之目的在編製地球科學「問題解決能力測驗」及「先備知識測驗」等量表，並藉此兩工具及現有之推理能力相關測驗，探究目前高中學生之問題解決能力與其先備知識及推理能力間的關係。研究者依據「創造性問題解決」的模式，設計以地球科學為學科背景脈絡的「問題解決能力測驗」，其中包含「發散性思考」與「收斂性思考」兩向度。此外，亦針對此「問題解決能力測驗」所需之先備知識而編製對應之「先備知識測驗」，其中並包含「學生對問題解決能力測驗」喜歡程度之1題單選題。本研究以台灣東部某國立高中一年級學生為研究對象，有效樣本共260人。研究設計採用相關研究法及半結構武的晤談。量的資料分析主要採皮爾遜積差相關及多元逐步迴歸分析法，質性資料則經由編碼與三角校正後進行分析，以進一步了解學生對「問題解決能力測驗」及「先備知識測驗」的看法與觀感。研究結果如下：一、研究工具之「問題解決能力測驗」總分與「發散思考」(r=.814，p<.001)及「收斂思考」向度(r=.898，p<.001)均有高度相關，且評分者信度達.813~.965。「先備知識測驗」之信度KR20介於.60至.63之間；二、學生問題解決能力與其先備知識(r=.482，p<.01)及推理能力(r=.435，p<.01)間均接近顯著之中度正相關及大的效果量(effect size)，且「先備知識」、「推理能力」及「對問題解決的態度」對「問題解決能力」有顯著的預測力(解釋率達R2=.343)，而「先備知識」與「推理能力」對「發散思考」和「收斂思考」亦有顯著的預測力(解釋率達R2=.172~.332)，接近或具有大的效果量；三、推理能力與「發散思考」間有大的效果量的關係，而先備知識與「收斂思考」間亦有接近大的效果量的關係；四、晤談後發現學生認為「先備知識測驗」須仰賴「知識」、「態度」、「經驗」的多寡，而「問題解決能力測驗」則須「知識」、「態度」、「思考」與「經驗」的完備，其結果與量的分析頗為一致。據此，我們認為高中學生先備知識及推理能力的增強，應有助於提升他們在地球科學上的問題解決能力。尤其在「發散思考」上更應著重在「推理能力」的培養，而「收斂思考」應更強調「先備知識」的建立。