教師著作
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/37078
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Item An updated examination of the Luzon Strait transport.(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2012-03-01) Hsin, Y.-C.; C.-R. Wu; S.-Y. ChaoDespite numerous previous estimates of Luzon Strait transport (LST), we attempt an update using a fine-resolution model. With these improvements, the circulation in and around Luzon Strait shows up rather realistically. Intrusion of a Kuroshio meander into the South China Sea (SCS) is seasonally varying. The LST, especially in the upper ocean, caused by a small difference between the large meander inflow and outflow, is also seasonally varying and subject to large standard deviation. The annual mean LST is estimated to be westward (−4.0 ± 5.1 Sv) along 120.75°E. We have also conducted process of elimination experiments to assess the relative importance of open ocean inflow/outflow, wind stress, and surface heat flux in regulating LST and its seasonality. The East Asian monsoon winds stand out as the predominant forcing. Without it, the upper ocean LST changes from westward to eastward (ranging up to 4 Sv) and, with misaligned seasonality, triggering an inflow from the Mindoro Strait to the SCS to replenish the water mass loss. Discounting monsoon winds, sea level in the Sulu Sea is generally higher because it receives the Indonesian Throughflow before the SCS, which causes an inflow from the Sulu Sea to the SCS. On the other hand, the annual mean wind from the northeast invites outflow from the SCS to the Sulu Sea (or inflow from the Luzon Strait). Weighing the two competing factors together, we see the cessation of northeast monsoon as a condition favorable for the Luzon Strait outflow or the Mindoro Strait inflow.Item Fluctuations of the thermal fronts off northeast Taiwan.(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2011-10-01) Hsin, Y.-C.; T.-L. Chiang; C.-R. WuA high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from several satellites is used to investigate the variability of the thermal front off northeastern Taiwan. Hidden by a dominant annual cycle, the SST data cannot reveal the thermal front fluctuation in the form of Hovm闤ler diagram. An innovative methodology has been applied to the SST satellite imagery to derive the SST Standardized Index (SSTSI), capable of revealing the frontal variability with multiple time scales. Principal component analysis shows that the SSTSI variation consists mainly of two modes. Mode 1 represents a strong annual cycle related to the seasonal reversal of the monsoonal winds. The temperature gradient is enhanced in winter and a cold dome is observed off northern Taiwan in summer. Mode 2 is highly correlated with the upstream Kuroshio variability. The shoreward (seaward) migration of the thermal front takes place when the Kuroshio transport weakens (strengthens). The results are consistent with transports estimated by tidal gauge measurements, satellite altimeter-based sea level anomaly, and surface flow patterns derived from high-frequency radars. Mode 2 is coherent with the Kuroshio transport through the East Taiwan Channel at periods of 120 and 45 d with a time lag of 40 and 11 d, respectively. This 120 d fluctuation is due to the interaction between westward-propagating eddies and the Kuroshio east of Taiwan, while the 45 d signal arises from the Kuroshio's self-instability. The interannual variations of the SST pattern in winter and summer are also discussed.Item Intra-seasonal Variation of the Kuroshio southeast of Taiwan and its possible forcing mechanism(Springer-Verlag, 2010-10-01) Hsin, Y.-C.; T. Qu; C.-R. WuThe intra-seasonal variation of the Kuroshio southeast of Taiwan has been studied using satellite data and a numerical model. Superimposed with the main stream of the Kuroshio, two intra-seasonal signals are revealed in the study region. The fluctuation with a period of 1–6 months results from offshore eddies. The westward propagating cyclonic eddies can reduce or reverse the northward flow east of the Kuroshio between 121° and 123° E, but only slightly touch the core velocity of the Kuroshio. The fluctuation with a period of 2–4 weeks is only significant between Taiwan and the Lan-Yu Island (the low-velocity region). Different mechanisms are responsible for the fluctuation in the low-velocity region in different seasons. In winter, the change of negative wind stress curl in the northeastern South China Sea modulates the circulation southeast of Taiwan, while the typhoon-induced intense wind is responsible for the current fluctuation in summer.Item Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Kuroshio East of Taiwan, 1982-2005: A numerical study(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2008-04-01) Hsin, Y.-C.; C.-R. Wu; P.-T. ShawA 1/8 East Asian Marginal Seas model nested to a larger-domain North Pacific Ocean model is implemented over a span of 24 years from 1982 to 2005 to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan. Between 22 and 25 N, the mean state and variability of the Kuroshio, such as the two paths observed in the trajectories of surface drifters southeast of Taiwan and the branching of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan, are well reproduced by the model. Southeast of Taiwan, the Kuroshio is mostly in the top 300 m in the inshore path but extends to 600 m in the offshore path. Northeast of Taiwan, the Kuroshio follows the shelf edge in the East China Sea but may branch along a path south of the Ryukyu Islands. The latter path often meanders southward, and a significant portion of the Kuroshio transport may be diverted to this path. The Kuroshio extends from the coast to 123–123.5 E between 22 and 25 N with currents reaching a depth of 1000 m at some latitudes. The Kuroshio transports averaged over five sections east of Taiwan are 28.4 ± 5.0 Sv and 32.7 ± 4.4 Sv with and without the contribution from the countercurrent, respectively.