地理研究
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Item 臺灣西部與南部活斷層的地形學研究(地理學系, 1984-02-??) 石再添; 鄧國雄; 張瑞津; 石慶得; 楊貴三; 許民陽Item 臺灣東部河口地區之地形學研究(地理學系, 1995-10-??) 石再添; 張瑞津; 林雪美; 張政亮; 劉明錡; 陳政典The vincinity of the estuaries is one of the most populated area in the world. In order to ultilize the resources of this area more reasonably, the understanding of its geomorphological, hydrological and sedimentary characteristics becomes a main and basic task. Since estuary is located on the interface of river and sea, the morphology of estuary is influenced by the factors coming from both environments. The drainage basin area, shoreline length, shape factor, channel gradient, runoff, sediments and monthly discharge, etc. are factors coming from land, while the wind, current, wave and tide etc. coming from the sea. This study focuses on eleven estuaries of the eastern coast of Taiwan. Based on the stream slope, number of channels, discharge, etc., these estuaries can be divided into straight and braided pattern. The former has sandbars or spurs, such as Hualien Hsi, Hsiukuluan Hsi and Kangkou Hsi, while the latter have braided channels, sandy-gravel sediments and changeable sandbars, such as Hoping Hsi, Liwu Hsi and the estuaries in Taitung coastal area. The eastern coast is classified as wave-dominated type according to average wave height and tidal range. The wave impacting upon the area between Hoping Hsi and Hsiukuluan Hsi is severer. The forms of the estuaries in eastern Taiwan have significant seasonal change due to the seasonal differences of discharge, monsoon and typhoon. In the summer, the channels usually become wider and the sandbars are gentler and extended seaward for most estuaries. In the winter, however, these sandbars become narrower, steeper and extend toward right bank. The mouth of channels will be narrowed or even closed when typhoon coming. The forms of estuaries are stable in the long-term scale. Eleven estuaries have only slight change during the period from 1904 to 1989, moving back and forth within the distance of 250m. The channel migration of most estuaries, however, is obvious.Item 臺灣西南部河口地區之地形學研究(地理學系, 1995-03-??) 石再添; 張瑞津; 林雪美; 張政亮; 劉明錡; 陳政典The vincinity of the estuaries is one of the most populated area in the world. In order to ultilize the resource of this area more reasonably, the understanding of geomorphogical, hydrological and sedimentary characteristics becomes a main and basic task. Since estuary is located on the interface of river and sea, the morphology of estuary is influenced by the factors coming from both environments. The drainage basin area, shoreline length, shape factor, channel gradient, opening form, runoff, sediments, and monthly discharge etc. coming from the land. While the wind current, wave and tide etc. coming from the sea. This study area focuses on 20 estuaries of the south-western coast of Taiwan. The five of them are gravel estuaries and the rest are sandy. By correlation grain size of sandy estuaries has relationship with channel gradient below 100m, width of opening and shape factor. The forms of sand bar on estuaries are changed seasonly. Most of them has a tendency migrating southward due to northern moonsoon. The 20 estuaries can be classified into the wave dominated type, the tide dominated type and the runoff dominated type according average wave height, specific discharge and tidal range. Comparing the location of 20 estuaries during the period from 1904 to 1990(85 years). Most estuaries tend to migrate westward. The changes of estuaries are controlled by the intensity of wave and precipitation, the influence of reservior and hydraulic engineering and the changes of land use.Item 海岸山脈東坡河階的地形學研究(地理學系, 1991-03-??) 張瑞津; 石再添; 曾正雄; 高鵬飛; 陳美鈴Owing to the continuous uplift since Quaternary, rejuvenated terraces, gorges and raised alluvial fans are developed well in the eastern slope of Coastal Range. The river terraces in this area are distributed below 200 m generally. The scarps of higher level terrace are larger than that of lower level one. The gravel deposits in higher level terrace are thicker than that of lower level one. Comparing the terrace between six studied rivers, meander terraces are significant both in Mawuku River, Fengpin River, Shuilien Riverand Fanshuliao River whereas fan terraces are developed well in Sanhsien River. In contrary, the terrace in Shuimuting River is undeveloped due to down cutting into hard rock which restricts the widening of terrace. By correlating to marine terraces, most of the terraces in this area are formed in Holocene. The detailed correlation of each step or dating still needs more envidences.Item 臺灣東部東棚海岸域的地形學計量研究(地理學系, 1978-01-??) 石再添Item 塭子川沼澤區的水文地形學研究(地理學系, 1982-01-??) 石再添; 石慶得; 張瑞津; 黃朝恩; 楊萬全; 鄧國雄Item 花東縱谷沖積扇的地形學研究(地理學系, 1994-03-??) 張瑞津; 石再添; 楊淑君; 林譽方; 陳翰霖Huatung (Hualien-Taitung) Longitudinal Valley locates between Central Range and Coastal Range with a length of 183 km and width of 3-4km. With conspicuous fault scarps and abundant debris supply , alluvial fans are developed well in this valley. There are 31 fans with over 2 km2 in size and over 2[] in slope. Due to the continual uplift, most of the fans have been undercut into composite fans. There are 2-3 steps in southern fans whereas 1 step in northern fans, and also, the amounts of dissection of southern fans are greater than that of northern fans. These differences, thus, may provide an usable reference for differential uplift in Huatung area. By product-moment correlation, there are some relations between fan variables, such as a significant relation with fan area and fan width, slope and height. Further, the factors of drainage area, relief ratio, stream length and intermountain basin area have strong correlation with the variables of fan area, slope, width and degree of dissection. Based on the discriminant analysis, the sediment space, uplift rate, geologic age, precipitation, stream order and slope failure area are the dominating factors to the existence of fan. By factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis the results can be concluded that drainage area, stage of fan, sediment space, amount of uplift and relief ratio of drainage basins are the common factors which influence the fan morphology. It is difficult to examine the evolutionary hypothesis and climatic hypothesis in this area due to the insufficient chronologic and climatic data. But from the strong relation between fans and drainage basins, the fan development in this area can be interpretated by equilibrium hypothesis.Item 臺北盆地周緣坡地的坡度與土地利用(地理學系, 1990-03-??) 石再添; 張瑞津; 沈曼華; 林清泉This paper attempts to analysis the relationship between slope and land use in the slopeland around Taipei Basin with an area of 222.88 km2. About 140,000 measurements of slope and land use in this research are obtained from air photos, topographic maps of 1:5000, maps of land use in 1964, 1974, 1984 and field excursion. The data show the changes in area of each type of land use during 1964-1984, from which the expansion of Taipei metropolitan area can be realized quantitatively. For instance, the area of paddy field was decreasing through those 20 years due to enlarging of the urban area. The results indicate the land use of slope lands have been impacted under the influence of slope's restriction, public policy and economic consideration. If the administrative district can not be enlarged to fit the step of urban expansion, the environment of slopeland around Taipei Basin will be impacted more rapidly and deeply.Item 臺灣花東海岸海階的地形學研究(地理學系, 1988-03-??) 石再添; 鄭國雄; 許民陽; 楊貴三This paper is the first year report of the research project “A Geomorphological Study of Marine Terrace in Taiwan”. The Huatung coast is along the Pacific coast of Eastern Taiwan, adjacent to the convergent boundary of Eurasia Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, marine terrace is typically developed in this region. Based on air photo interpretation, geomorphometry, field excursion and accurate survey of altitude, the results are summarized as follows: 1. Classified and correlated by the continuity of altitude and extend of the marine terrace surfaces, there are three dominate marine terraces in study area. The flights of marine terraces in the southern part are comparatively more widely distributed than in the north, the lowest one and the newly raised wave-cut platform are well developed throughout the study area. 2. Altitude of terraces in the southern part is obviously more higher, expecially in the upper two steps, showing that there are wave-like uplifted and tilted slightly to the north. Yet the lowest steps together its newly raised wave-cut platform have almost the same height throughout the study area, this implies that recent uplift rates are progressing with equal amount, and in the upper steps, the tectonic movement has the property of accumulation. 3. The displacement of terrace surfaces is observed as a short-wave length warping, upwarping has been taken place with the axes in the vicinity of Chanping, Chengkung and Tulan, the distance between the axes is about 25 to 30 km. 4. The third steps are furnished with multi-levelled terraces, at intervals of 2-5 m in elevation, deduces from the mode of seismic uplifts in the neighborhood, those multi-levelled terraces may originated by the co-seismic uplift. 5. The features of marine terraces are also influenced by geological setting, in the area of more?resistant rocks, marine terraces are very narrow and covered with thin marine boulders, coastal landforms such as wave-cut benItem 臺灣東部花東海岸域的地形學計量研究(地理學系, 1977-01-??) 石再添